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Technology (21) DOI 10Resolution, which reveals the mechanism of cytoplasmic dsRNA recognition andDoublestranded RNA viruses (dsRNA viruses) are a polyphyletic group of viruses that have doublestranded genomes made of ribonucleic acidThe doublestranded genome is used to transcribe a positivestrand RNA by the viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) The positivestrand RNA may be used as messenger RNA (mRNA) which can be translated into viral

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Double stranded rna structure

Double stranded rna structure-Mindich L Precise packaging of the three genomic segments of the doublestrandedRNA bacteriophage phi6 Microbiology and molecular biology reviews MMBR 63, 149–160 (1999) PMC free article Google Scholar Katz A et al Bacteriophage phi6–structure investigated by fluorescence Stokes shift spectroscopyDoubleStranded RNA Production of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) is a part of the coxsackievirus replication cycle It has been shown that dsRNA is able to directly stimulate a dsRNctivated protein kinase (PKR) A major substrate of PKR is the α subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α)

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RNA The secondary structure of RNA consists of a single polynucleotide RNA can fold so that base pairing occurs between complementary regions RNA molecules often contain both single and doublestranded regions The strands are antiparallel and assume a helical shape The helices are of the Aform (see above)In a double‐stranded DNA or RNA, this refers to the Watson‐Crick pairing of complementary strands In a single‐stranded RNA or DNA, the intramolecular base pairs between complementary base pairs determines the secondary structure of the molecule For example, the cloverleaf structure of Figure 2a gives the secondary structure of transferRNA, like DNA, can form double helices held together by the pairing of complementary bases, and such helices are ubiquitous in functional RNAs Here we apply external forces and torques to individual doublestranded RNA molecules to determine the mechanical properties and conformational transitions of these fundamental biological building blocks For small forces and torques, RNA

The RNA affinity falls within the range observed for characterized RNA/protein complexes Overall, we describe in moleculardetail the interactions of SapA with heme and dsRNA and propose a role for SapA in the transport of di or tripeptidesThe overall structure of the double helix was compared with those of the canonical ARNA and A′RNA conformers (11 residues/turn for the Aform and 12 residues/turn for the A′form) The rmsd of the coordinates from the tridecamer duplex to ARNA and A′RNA are 160 and 113 Å, respectivelyRNA By Himanshu Dev VMMC &

Virusspecific dsRNA is also found in cells infected with singlestranded RNA virusesDsRNA has been identified in a variety of apparently normal eucaryotic cells and isMost cellular RNA is single stranded, although some viruses have double stranded RNA The single RNA strand is folded upon itself, either entirely or in certain regions In the folded region a majority of the bases are complementary and are joined by hydrogen bonds This helps in the stability of the molecule In theThe human sensor of doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (hOAS1) polymerizes ATP into 2′,5′linked isoRNA (25A) involved in innate immunity, cell cycle, and differentiation We report the crystal structure of hOAS1 in complex with dsRNA and 2′deoxy ATP at 27 Å

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Double stranded RNA, also known as dsRNA, usually shows up in viruses and is somewhat unusual In viruses, it is a unique characteristic, and only a small number of viral families exhibit this trait RNA hybridization happens when one RNA strand combines, or hybridizes, with either another RNA strand or a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) strandDouble stranded rna virus structure21 RNA viruses The genome of many RNA viruses is ssRNA, whereas the genome of others, such as reovirus, is doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) Furthermore, ssRNA viruses are classified as positive and negativesense ssRNA viruses that have positivesense (mRNAsense) and negativesense (antisense) RNA genomesDNA forms a doublestranded helical structure that contains base pairs, whereas RNA is singlestranded and does not form base pairs or adopt a doublehelical conformation This

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Firstly, the 'information' part of DNA is the nitrogenous base, as opposed to the pentose sugar or the phosphate residues In a singlestranded molecule, this important part would be exposed to the cellular environment, providing more opportunity for it to be mutated by the variousUp to12%cash backHigh molecular weight, fully doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) has been recognized as the genetic material of many plant, animal, fungal, and bacterial viruses (Diplomaviruses);RNA Function Replicates and stores genetic information like a blueprint The main function of RNA is to carry information of amino acid sequence from the genes to where proteins are assembled on ribosomes in the cytoplasm Structure Doublestranded helix Single Stranded Structure Length DNA is a much longer polymer than RNA

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The structure resulting from this interaction between the minor groove and singlestranded RNA at helical junctions displays internal mobility, which may be a general feature of RNA pseudoknots that regulates their interaction with proteins or other RNA moleculesA helical doublestranded structure A planar singlestranded structure A helical singlestranded structure RNA bases cannot basepair with one another A planar doublestranded structure uracil guanine There are several cellular processes that involve the formation of doublestranded RNA When doublestranded RNA forms, the base A can hydrogenComplementary basepairing is possible for RNA As the poster is no doubt aware, the doublestranded structure of DNA is stabilized by A–T and G–C base pairs He will also be aware that in transcription of DNA to RNA (in which A is replaced by U) A–U base pairing occurs Hence, there is no physicochemical reason why dsRNA cannot occur between suitable complementary strands

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RNA interference (RNAi), a predominantly eukaryotic posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism, is the use of a cell's propensity to destroy doublestranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules In RNAi, even singlestranded RNA that matches the dsRNA sequence is destroyed, thus effectively silencing a gene by regulating its expression posttranscriptionallyWhy is DNA double stranded (and not single stranded like RNA)?RNA interference (RNAi) is a genetic regulatory system that functions to silence the activity of specific genes RNAi occurs naturally, through the production of nuclearencoded premicroRNA (premiRNA), and can be induced experimentally, using short segments of synthetic doublestranded RNA (dsRNA)

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Structure of the doublestranded RNAbinding domain of the protein kinase PKR reveals the molecular basis of its dsRNAmediated activation Sambasivarao Nanduri Structural Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USARNA Interference (RNAi) Introduction RNA interference or PostTranscriptional Gene Silencing is a conserved biological response to doublestranded RNA that mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of proteincoding genesThis natural mechanism for sequencespecific gene silencingThomis et al, 1992), Drosophila staufen protein (St Johnston et al

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Answer (1 of 2) Many RNA's have a single strand — but a lot of double stranded structure That is because like proteins, many RNA's do a job, and form determines function, so that they have to have secondary structure (the double helix) and tertiary structure (the overall 3DO The DNA base pairs are more closely hydrogen bonded in the centre (left) due to the absence of the 2prime hydroxyl group in deoxyribose, and therefore double stranded DNA is not as bulky as RNA (right) ODNA has the nucleotide thymine, whereas RNA has uracil, which is bulkier than thymine and accounts for the broader RNA structureDouble stranded form could assume a ZDNA structure b) If the singlestranded molecule has the sequence 5'(GATC)10, then its doublestranded form could assume an HDNA structure c) If the singlestranded molecule has the sequence 5'(CTGA)10, then its doublestranded form could assume a hairpin structure

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Green and Mathews, 1992;Welcome to the Predict a Secondary Structure Web Server The Predict a Secondary Structure server combines four separate prediction and analysis algorithms calculating a partition function, predicting a minimum free energy (MFE) structure, finding structures with maximum expected accuracy, and pseudoknot predictionThis server takes a sequence, either RNADifferences between RNA and DNA SNo RNA DNA 1) Single stranded mainly except Double stranded (Except for when self complementary certain viral DNA s which are sequences are there it forms a single stranded) double stranded structure (Hair pin structure) 2) Ribose is the main sugar The sugar moiety is deoxy ribose 3) Pyrimidine components differ

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In a double stranded RNA form, retroviruses infect a host cell with their genome, and then are reverse transcribed into double stranded DNA, with the DNA then integrated into the home cell genome When integrated into a host genome, a retrovirus is hard to detect and can lay dormant for prolonged periods, having no discernible effect on the hostThe apparent affinity of the antibodies to short (less than or equal to 11 bp) RNA helices was very low in all test systems used only background levels of binding were obtained on singlestranded RNA species which contain doublehelical secondary structures (eg rRNA, tRNA, viroid RNA)SJH DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA a polymer of deoxyribonucleotides Usually double stranded And have doublehelix structure found in chromosomes, mitochondria and chloroplasts It acts as the genetic material in most of

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The chemical structure of RNA is very similar to that of DNA, but differs in three primary ways Unlike doublestranded DNA, RNA is a singlestranded molecule in many of its biological roles and consists of much shorter chains of nucleotides However, a single RNA molecule can, by complementary base pairing, form intrastrand double helixes, as in tRNACas13 endonuclease activity depends on the RNA local secondary structure with strong preference for singlestranded (SS) regions Hence, it becomes indispensable to identify the SS regions forSecondly, DNA is doublestranded while RNA is single stranded Thirdly, DNA is more structurally stable compared to RNA The comparably slight instability allows RNA to be flexible and more accessible and can thus fold into meaningful structures, a property that can be fully appreciated in the proteins RNA makes

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Structure Of DNA &The secondary structure of RNA is necessary for its maturation, regulation, processing, and function However, the global influence of RNA folding in eukaryotes is still unclear Here, we use a highthroughput, sequencingbased, structuremapping approach to identify the paired (doublestranded RNAThe key difference between DNA and RNA structure is that the DNA structure is a double helix composed of two complementary strands while RNA structure is singlestranded Nucleic acids are macromolecules or biopolymers Moreover, they are the building blocks of genetic material of an organism They are comprised of nucleotide chains linked via phosphodiester

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The type of genetic material (DNA or RNA) and its structure (single or doublestranded, linear or circular, and segmented or nonsegmented) are used to classify the virus core structures (Table 2)) Table 2 Virus Classification by Capsid StructureThe doublestranded RNAbinding domain (dsRBD) is a 6570 amino acid sequence/structure motif that mediates dsRNA interactions in a large variety of proteins (St Johnston et al, 1992) such as the dsRNAdependent protein kinase PKR (Meurs et al, 1990;The findings and conclusions of the experiment were ________ A mice died as a result of incorporation of DNA into the mouse genome from heatkilled smooth cells B mice survived as a result of a transforming agent picked up by the rough cells from the smooth cell extract C mice died as a result of a transforming agent picked up by the

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Double stranded RNA binding proteins (dsRBPs) in particular are crucial for RNA interference, mRNA elongation, AtoI editing, host defense, splicing, and a multitude of other important mechanisms Since dsRBPs require doublestranded RNA to bind, their binding affinity depends on the competition among all possible secondary structures of theFigure 2 (a) DNA is typically double stranded, whereas RNA is typically single stranded (b) Although it is single stranded, RNA can fold upon itself, with the folds stabilized by short areas of complementary base pairing within the molecule, forming a threedimensional structureDoublestranded RNA Viruses Structure and Molecular Biology Edited by John T Patton Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD , USA Published January 08 Pages x 374 Hardback ISBN £159, $319 Published by Caister Academic Press wwwcaistercom

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RNA is a kind of molecule that is reproduced from DNA However, because of its singlestranded structure rather than a doublestranded structure, it is possible for RNA to reproduce itself using processes that are similar to those employed by DNA in the process It is believed that RNA reproduced itself in this manner in the first cells However, in modern cells, all of the RNA isMore information Ke Zhang et al, Duplex Structure of DoubleStranded RNA Provides Stability against Hydrolysis Relative to SingleStranded RNA, Environmental Science &

Recognition Of Non Cpg Repeats In Alu And Ribosomal Rnas By The Z Rna Binding Domain Of Adar1 Induces A Z Junctions Nature Communications

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